What is the work-related impact of long-term back problems?

Australian researchers have set out to project the work-related impact of long-term back problems among working-age Australians (15–64 years). The research team — led by health economist Dr Sean Docking from Monash University’s School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine — found that, by 2033, more than 3.2 million working-age Australians are expected to be living with chronic back issues. This leads to a loss of around 4.6% to Australia’s Gross Domestic Product over a 10-year period, the study — published open access (doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.27284) in JAMA Network Open reveals.

The researchers also revealed that, unless urgent action is taken, long-term back problems will cost the Australian economy an estimated $638 billion in lost productivity over the next decade. “The economic impact beyond healthcare costs is often overlooked,” Docking said. “Early retirement and work absences associated with back problems are costing the Australian economy billions.

“Back pain remains one of the leading causes of disability in Australia. Pain and restricted physical function may result in early exit from the workforce, long periods of work absence and/or reduced productivity while at work.” Docking added: “Beyond the significant impact to the Australian economy, these work impacts can create significant financial stress for individuals.”

As the researchers reveal, even modest improvements could yield major economic benefits; $41.4 billion could potentially be added to Australia’s GDP over a decade, the study suggests, if the prevalence of long-term back problems are reduced by just 10%. Opioid prescription and imaging have both been associated with longer work absences, and there are clear efficiencies within the health system that can be addressed, said co-author and rheumatologist Professor Rachelle Buchbinder from the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine.

“Ironically, the health care provided for back pain may be contributing to this issue,” Buchbinder said. “Too many Australians are receiving care contrary to the best available evidence, resulting in little if any benefit and sometimes causing harm.” Docking added: “Promoting advice to remain active and at work, alongside providing Australians with the tools to self-manage their back pain can boost workforce participation and productivity. Tackling this very common health issue can improve the health of society and aid in the government’s priority to address stagnant productivity.”

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